Bike To Work

Starting from mountain bikers they hope to clean air in the city (Jakarta) then born the cycle community to work. In August 27 2005 they declare bike to work community in Jakarta. They campaign bike to work related about global warming. Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-twentieth century and its projected continuation.

Tips for Commuting by Bike

Plan ahead. One of the reasons people don’t commute by bike, even if they have a bike, is that they don’t want to be sweaty.
Drop your clothes to work ahead of time. You could pack them in a backpack, to wear on your back, but it gets your back sweaty. You could also put it in a pannier and carry it on a rack, which is a good option, but you might not want your clothes wrinkly for some reason.
Any old bike will do. If you’ve got an old mountain bike, which I do, that’s good enough. You don’t need to spend a lot of money on a bike and gear to get started. Later, you can always spend more, a little at a time, but whatever you’ve got is good enough for now.
Have a spare tube and tools, and know how to change a tire. A patch kit is good, but it’s even easier if you just have a spare tube, a pump, and the right tools so that you can quickly change the punctured tube for a new one, and patch the old one later at home.
Be safe. This is a no brainer, but it is good to read up on tips on cycling safety before heading out into dangerous traffic.
It’s a blast! Cycling is a lot of fun and riding to work is much, much better than driving.

Try it. You’ll love it.

bike to work indonesia

FreeUndelete ( restores deleted files )

FreeUndelete restores deleted files, including those removed from Windows Recycle Bin. In case of accidental removal of files on a NTFS (1.0 and 2.0) (default for Windows Vista, XP, 2000 and NT), FAT32, FAT16 or FAT12 file systems this is the utility to help.Supported file systems: NTFS 1.0, NTFS 2.0, FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32
The recovered files are saved into a new user-selected location to prevent overwriting the deleted files on the original media.

download here

Free PDF2Word (PDF to Word) Converter 3.0

"Convert PDF2Word (PDF to Word), PDF2RTF, PDF2HTML or even PDF2TXT."
Edit by Brothersoft: Very often people find that they can't modify PDF files unless they convert them to another writable data format. Converting PDF files to Word, RTF or TXT files can solve this problem. And what is best of it, while converting to Word or RTF using this tool, we are preserving all formatting. So the output document is almost identical to the source PDF document. All images, background colors etc. are also preserved. Ulti PDF2Word Converter can convert PDF files to many editable formats. The following conversion modes are available: PDF2Doc (or PDF to Word), PDF2RTF, PDF2TXT ( PDF2Text ), PDF2HTML and more. Batch conversion is supported. Conversion of password protected PDFs is also possible.
email : any
reg key: 562346678901V3316785
download here

PRTG Network Monitor

Network Monitoring Made Easy

PRTG Network Monitor is the powerful network monitoring solution from Paessler AG. It ensures the availability of network components while also measuring traffic and usage. It saves costs by avoiding outages, optimizing connections, saving time and controlling service level agreements (SLAs).

Optimize Your Network and Avoid System Downtimes

Businesses increasingly rely on their networks to move data, provide communication, and enable basic operations. Performance loss or system outages can seriously impact the bottom line of your business. Continuous network and server monitoring enables you to find problems and resolve them before they become a serious threat to your business:

* Avoid bandwidth and server performance bottlenecks
* Deliver better quality of service to your users by being proactive
* Reduce costs by buying bandwidth and hardware based on actual load
* Increase profits by avoiding losses caused by undetected system failures
* Find peace of mind: As long as you do not hear from PRTG via email, SMS, pager, etc. you know everything is running fine and you have more time to take care of other important business

Download the freeware or the free trial and setup your network monitor within minutes.
PRTG Network Monitor's GUI PRTG Network Monitor's GUI


Your Entire Network at a Glance

PRTG Network Monitor covers all aspects of network monitoring:
up-/downtime monitoring, traffic and usage monitoring, SNMP, NetFlow, packet sniffing and many more, combined with concise reporting and analysis features – one clear and simple solution for your entire network.

Aggregated statistics Aggregated statistics


Bandwidth and Network Usage Monitoring

PRTG Network Monitor runs 24/7 on a Windows-based machine within your network, recording network usage parameters. Recorded data is stored in a database for historic reports.

The easy to use web-based user interface allows to configure the devices and sensors that you want to monitor. You can create usage reports and provide colleagues and customers access to graphs and tables.

All common methods for network usage data acquisition are supported:
Traffic on a a firewall Traffic on a a firewall


SNMP and WMI
WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation) and SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) are used to gather bandwidth usage and performance data for all systems within your network, including port-by-port usage data for switches and routers.
How does it work...?

Packet Sniffing
With its integrated packet sniffing capability PRTG can inspect all network data packets travelling in your LAN or WLAN to calculate the bandwidth usage.
How does it work...?

NetFlow
The NetFlow protocol is supported by most Cisco routers to measure bandwidth usage. It is the most powerful monitoring method, suitable for high traffic networks.
How does it work...?

Performance and Availability Monitoring
PRTG Network Monitor includes more than 40 sensor types for all common network services (e.g. PING, HTTP, SMTP, POP3, FTP, etc.), allowing to monitor your network systems for speed and failures. As soon as outages occur the software will alert you by sending emails, SMS, pager messages and other notifications. Request times and downtimes are constantly recorded in the database and you can compile performance, downtime and SLA reports at any given time.

download

Spyware Doctor

Detects, removes and blocks all types of Spyware.


Did you know that numerous programs tested against Spyware Doctor detected only small fraction of Spyware and completely removed an even smaller amount? Also most of them were unable to effectively block Spyware in real time from being installed on users PC in the first place.Spyware Doctor has the most advanced update feature that continually improves its Spyware fighting capabilities on daily basis. As Spyware gets more complex to avoid detection by AntiSpyware programs Spyware Doctor responds with new technology to stay one step ahead.

Easiest to Use,Spyware Doctor is advanced technology designed especially for people, not just experts. That is one reason why it won the People's Choice Award in 2005, 2006 and 2007. It is automatically configured out of the box to give you optimal protection with limited interaction so all you need to do is install it for immediate and ongoing protection.

Spyware Doctor's advanced IntelliGuard technology only alerts users on a true Spyware detection. This is significant because you should not be interrupted by cryptic questions every time you install software, add a site to your favorites or change your PC settings. Such messages can be confusing and lead to undesirable outcomes such as inoperable programs, lost favorites or even Spyware being allowed to install on the system. We've done the research so you don't have to.
Spyware Doctor Full Version Information

• Current Version : 6.0.1.441
• File Size: 23,424 KB
• Operating System: Designed for Windows® Vista™ 64-bit SP1, Vista™ 32-bit, XP (Home and Professional Editions) and 2000. Windows® 98 users click here.
• Release Date: April 29, 2009
• Protection Against: Spyware, Adware, Spyware Trojans, Keyloggers, Identity Theft, Hijackers, Tracking Threats, Rogue A Nownti-Spyware, Unwanted Software, Phishing, Popups and Bad Websites.
• Add-ons: Optional plug-ins are available for Spyware Doctor including Site Guard, Email Guard and Behavior Guard
• Trial Limitations: The trial offers time unlimited real-time protection (free spyware blocking), but does not remove threats detected during on-demand scans, updates may also differ to those supplied to registered users.
• Starter Edition: The Starter Edition offers full scan and removal of threats, and basic real-time protection, is available for free as part of the Google Pack.

Get Now

Boost your PC's speed

With SpeedUpMyPC, your PC becomes automatically faster. System settings, disk clutter, RAM and CPU are all automatically scanned, cleaned and optimized for peak performance.

Super Charge Internet Performance
Optimize your Internet connection. Clear all history including unnecessary and private data saved by your browser. Significantly reduce page loading time and enjoy faster surfing.

Disable Processes
Hundreds of processes are running 'under the hood' of your PC right now. Some are fine. Others are malicious. SpeedUpMyPC allows you to disable or quarantine the evil ones.

Clean Up Unwanted Garbage
SpeedUpMyPC cleans everything up from cookies to saved forms, making your PC not only smoother to run, but also enhancing your privacy.

Take Control of your PC
Monitor and control all PC resources. Free up RAM for power-hungry programs, and dedicate more CPU time to all those programms you want running faster.

Get Now

Intel® Core™ i7 Processor

Brilliantly fast
With faster, intelligent, multi-core technology that applies processing power where it's needed most, new Intel® Core™ i7 processors deliver an incredible breakthrough in PC performance. They are the best desktop processors on the planet.¹
You'll multitask applications faster and unleash incredible digital media creation. And you'll experience maximum performance for everything you do, thanks to the combination of Intel® Turbo Boost technology² and Intel® Hyper-Threading technology (Intel® HT technology)³, which maximizes performance to match your workload.
Product information

• 2.93 GHz and 2.66 GHz core speed
• 8 processing threads with Intel® HT technology
• 8 MB of Intel® Smart Cache
• 3 Channels of DDR3 1066 MHz memory

Download the product brief

Performance benchmarks

K-Lite Mega Codec Pack 4.8.5

K-Lite Codec Pack is a collection of codecs and related tools. Codec is short for Compressor-Decompressor. Codecs are needed for encoding and decoding (playing) audio and video. It is designed as a user-friendly solution for playing all your video files. You should be able to play all the popular movie formats and even some rare formats.

Download here...

High storage capacity with new king-sized DVD concept

It is believed now by Australian researchers that due to nanotechnology progress, DVD capacity can be increased to be 2000-fold while no changes of the size of the disc are expected. Until now, there was not any possibility to store all your home movies collection on one disk but thanks to efforts of researchers from Melbourne's Swinburne University of Technology, this concept happens to advance.

[read more]

MySQL Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) 3.51.27

MySQL Connector/ODBC (also known as MyODBC) allows you to connect to a MySQL database server using the ODBC database API on all Microsoft Windows and most Unix platforms, including through such applications and programming environments such as Microsoft Access, Microsoft Excel, and Borland Delphi. Features

Get Here

Orca Browser 1.1

Orca Browser is an extremely fast and user friendly web browser, designed to add more functions on the latest Firefox. Not only Orca Browser contains all features, such as security, low memory usage, spell-checker, built-in download manager etc from Firefox, it also improves the speed, added more features, such as AD Blocker, Flash Blocker, Online Profile Storage, Auto Form-Filler, Outlook-Style RSS Reader etc. Auto Form-Filler would help to memorize/fill different types of web forms/passwords, and protect them with master security password. Online Profile Storage allows users to create their own account; with user name and password uses can choose to save/access their personal data such as bookmarks, AutoFills and RSS Feeds etc remotely from any computer.

Download here..

Kingston Launches Thumbdrive 64GB

Technology is advancing and now it turns out that Kingston has launched a thumbdrive (of those who have 2GB, 4GB or 8GB maybe) of no less than 64GB. Let’s be honest. Do we need so much space in our pockets? I, in my geek side you would say that yes, but if I start thinking I will never use so much space but because my datatravelers the use for nothing more than a few albums, movies or important documents. [more..]

Intel Previews Intel Xeon® 'Nehalem-EX' Processor

Intel Corporation previewed a new Intel® Xeon® processor codenamed "Nehalem-EX." The processor will be at the heart of the next generation of intelligent and expandable high-end Intel server platforms, which will deliver a number of new technical advancements and boost enterprise computing performance.
In production later this year, the Nehalem-EX processor will feature up to eight cores inside a single chip supporting 16 threads and 24Mb of cache. Its performance increase will be dramatic, posting the highest-ever jump from a previous generation processor.1
Nehalem-EX will add new reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) features traditionally found in the company's Intel® Itanium processor family, such as Machine Check Architecture (MCA) Recovery. Together with new levels of performance, both high-end processors should speed the move away from more expensive, proprietary RISC-processor based systems.
Ideal for server consolidation, virtualized applications, data demanding enterprise applications and technical computing environments, Nehalem-EX will offer up to nine times the memory bandwidth1 of the previous-generation Intel Xeon 7400 platform. Nehalem-EX will also double the memory capacity with up to 16 memory slots per processor socket, and offer four high-bandwidth QuickPath Interconnect links. Nehalem-EX will provide tremendous scalability, from large-memory two-socket systems through eight-socket systems capable of processing 128 threads simultaneously without the need for third-party chips to "glue" the platform together. Additional scalability options including greater sockets counts will be possible with third-party solutions.
Intel delivers the most complete server portfolio: The Xeon 5500 series delivers leading performance, energy efficiency and flexibility for infrastructure applications. ++Nehalem-EX will greatly improve on today's Intel Xeon 7400 scalable performance, flexibility and advanced RAS features for data demanding enterprise applications and server consolidation. Itanium delivers the highest scalability and most advanced RAS features for the most demanding environments.

The Nehalem-EX Advantage

* Intel Nehalem Architecture built on Intel's unique 45nm high-k metal gate technology process
* Up to 8 cores per processor
* Up to 16 threads per processor with Intel® Hyper-threading
* Scalability up to eight sockets via Quick Path Interconnects and greater with third-party node controllers
* QuickPath Architecture with four high-bandwidth links
* 24MB of shared cache
* Integrated memory controllers
* Intel Turbo Boost Technology
* Intel scalable memory buffer and scalable memory interconnects
* Up to 9x the memory bandwidth of previous generation
* Support for up to 16 memory slots per processor socket
* Advanced RAS capabilities including MCA Recovery
* 2.3 billion transistors

From RISC to Reward: Customers Migrating to Xeon- and Itanium-based platforms
With new RAS capabilities for high-end enterprises, Nehalem-EX can accelerate IT adoption of Intel-based platforms over RISC-based platforms by delivering a lower total cost of ownership, higher performance, lower electricity bills and the ability to standardize on a flexible IT environment. The Intel Itanium processor delivers mainframe-class reliability for mission-critical workloads and enables the greatest scalability, especially for highly threaded workloads. Itanium offers greater than eight-socket system configurations and is ideal for applications that access the largest memory pools.

Availability
Nehalem-EX is scheduled for production in the second half of 2009.

For more information : download

Blackberry Location Aware Freeware

Google Latitude see your friend on map Get this

Google Latitude is a Geo Broadcasting software or a location aware app which tells your friends your current location. Inside the app you can send invitations to your friends to join Latitude using their Google account.
Latitude is integrated in the new Google Maps which makes it very powerful or accurate. Keeping up with people's preference Latitude has several privacy setting which allows you to choose if you want to tell your friends where you are or to keep your location private. I love the fact you can even set different levels of location sharing among your friends(best available location, city level or hide).

Mobile Facebook

Get facebook on your mobile and never be more than a click away from the site.
With Facebook Mobile, you can use Facebook on the go. Use Facebook Mobile to upload photos and notes from your camera phone straight to Facebook. You can also receive and reply to Facebook messages, pokes and Wall posts using text messages, or use your phone’s mobile browser at m.facebook.com.

The Mobile application page displays mobile photos recently uploaded by your friends and a phonebook that you can use to look up your friend’s phone numbers.

Download for NokiaE71

EAserver (sybase)

EAServer leverages a new modular architecture to support custom deployments so that applications use only the server pieces that are required. The leading solution for distributed and Web-enabled PowerBuilder applications, EAServer allows existing applications to participate in J2EE 1.4 and Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA).

Sybase EAServer Developer Edition is a free download, not an evaluation version that will time out. Use it as long as you would like for developing applications, and obtain a deployment edition license when the application is ready to be deployed

SQL Anywhere Web Edition

SQL Anywhere Web Edition is a free version of SQL Anywhere available for the development and deployment of web applications using Java, ASP.NET, PHP, and more.
The SQL Anywhere Web Edition may only be used for web browser applications. The SQL Anywhere Web Edition can take advantage of the full power of the computer and SQL Anywhere. There are no restrictions on database size, cache size, CPUs, optimization techniques, execution strategies, or SQL language support. The SQL Anywhere Web Edition has the same excellent performance out of the box that has always been a hallmark of SQL Anywhere.
Data access APIs are available in the SQL Anywhere Web Edition?

• The SQL Anywhere .NET data provider.
• The SQL Anywhere PHP API.
• The iAnywhere JDBC driver.
• The SQL Anywhere Perl API.
• The SQL Anywhere Python API.
• The SQL Anywhere Ruby API.
• SQL Anywhere web services.
  

Get It Now

Powerbuilder developer tools

pblCompare is a special tool for visual PowerBuilder Library File comparison. It has a number of simple and convenient features that many users have been asking for a long time from a PowerBuilder source code comparison tool.

pblCompare is used to highlight and report on the changes made between versions of library files used for developing PowerBuilder Applications including; complete applications, groups of libraries, single objects.

Use pblcompare, it is easy and fast to show difference of Powerbuilder script, source code of Powerbuilder library files.

Use pblcompare, it also can compare two text file certainly.

Functions:

* Use as a management tool to check all the changes to an application before a new release.
* Find out what and why the changes you just made broke the application!
* export source for objects.

Features:

* pblCompare does not modify PBL's in any way. It's a viewer only.
* PowerBuilder is NOT required. pblCompare does not use PowerBuilder API to read PBL format.
* pblCompare supports PBL format of all version of PowerBuilder 6,7,8,9,10,11.
* compare pb scripts with very fast speed.

pblCompare may be used to compare the contents of two PowerBuilder library files or of more. It may be invoked using several methods depending on what you wish to do

Select and Open Powerbuilder library files in left and right, it fast show difference of Powerbuilder librariesDouble click row who show difference, Objects with difference in library will list
Double click object, it will show script of object frame, you will see what difference between two copy of Powerbuilder files
download free

Avira Antivir

Viruses, adware, spyware...you all should know more or less about that, there's over a decade since these threats have become dangerous enough and wide spread to be taken seriously. The Internet and Windows environments are two of the catalysts that made this evil get stronger and try to take over every vulnerable computer.

If we're talking about a disease, because computer viruses can be considered one, we have to talk about a cure or at least to try to find one. The computer viruses plague wasn't eradicated yet and won't go away like the dust in the wind anytime soon; fortunately, there are ways to keep you safe.

Today we are going to check out an antivirus program that can keep you safe and take away most of your worries. Its name is Avira AntiVir Personal Edition and comes in two flavors - a free edition - called Classic - and a commercial Premium edition with some additional features. Thanks to the producer, I have the Premium Edition at my disposal, and this is what I am going to review, but before I start you have to find out the differences between my Premium Edition and the Classic Edition that you can get for free.

The Classic Edition is for personal use only, and performs common viruses scan, but - on a daily basis, it opens a window that suggests purchasing the Premium Edition. Why would one do that? The most important improvements over the free versions are its abilities to detect adware and spyware (besides viruses), fully automatic updates using an exclusive download server and POP3 scan, and checking for viruses before messages are received.

The installation kit of the Classic Edition has a little over 11MB and the setup process ends quickly. After the required system restart, you can use the program for the first time.

My advice is to update your virus database and then perform a full system scan before anything else, to ensure your computer is clean. Once this is finished, you can take a break to explore the program's interface and available features, side by side. Just remember that I'll explore the Premium edition here, so if something is missing in your Classic Edition, you can have it for a small price. Enough talk, let's get to work!

The program's interface is nicely done and easy to use, containing a menu bar, a "safety zone" with a banner, and the tabbed work area. There are seven tabs, each leading to a page that handles a specific task; I'll start checking them out from left to right.

The page that comes up when you open the main interface is the first one, called Status. Here, you can check the state of the AntiVir Guard and MailGuard and change it if needed; you can also find how old the current database is, update it if needed, and see when your license expires;
all these if you have the Premium Edition, of course. Using this page, you can also renew your license when it's about to expire.

Moving on, we find the Scanner. The most common scan tasks are already defined, such as Local Drives, Removable Drives, Windows System Directory, but you can also manually select the items you want to scan or create new custom tasks.

The Guard is the module that takes care of your computer all the time, scanning items that can pose a threat to your security. Inside its page you can check the statistics and also open the online Virus Information page.

The Mail Guard is the one that takes care of viruses that can arrive attached to emails straight into your Inbox; unfortunately, you won't find it inside the Classic Edition.

The Quarantine page allows you to isolate suspicious files for further investigation, and there's one thing that I don't like about this feature. When adding files, you can only add them one by one, multiple file or folder selection is not possible. If I have a folder with 2000 files that I suspect of being infected with a hot virus that can't be detected yet, what can I do to add them to the Quarantine area?

Scheduling is an excellent addition to any antivirus, and Avira's product has this topic covered. New jobs can be easily created, using the wizard that's at your disposal for this task.

At last, the Reports area lets you check all passed actions performed by the program. Everything is intuitive and I am sure you won't have any problems handling this program.

The Configuration screen has two work modes, the basic default one and the Expert mode that gives you more options. There are a lot of goodies to be found here, and I'll leave them all to you, since I am sure you will appreciate them as much as I do.

Don't wait any longer, get the Classic Edition now!

The Good

Avira AntiVir has almost two decades of experience in fighting viruses and today's product shows it. With this program you get speed, use of excellent features and an increased protection level.

The Bad

Since the free Classic Edition has its small limitations compared to the Premium one, I guess that the nag screen could go away. The interface could suffer a small redesign, since the File menu is useless, having only the Exit option, and the extra options available into the menu bar could be well organized into the tabbed area.

The Truth

No matter if the sun is shining, having an umbrella is always a good precaution, and
my recommendation today is to get Avira AntiVir PersonalEdition. You can start with the Classic flavor, and if rain still troubles you, get the Premium one, you won't be disappointed!

Download here

AVG Anti-Virus Free

AVG Anti-Virus Free Edition - trusted by 80 million users
Antivirus and antispyware protection for Windows available to download for free

NEW! LinkScanner® Active Surf-Shield checks web pages for threats at the only time that matters – when you’re about to click that link.
AVG Anti-Virus Free Edition

* Award-winning antivirus and antispyware
* Real-time safe internet surfing and searching
* Quality proven by 80 million of users
* Easy to download, install and use
* Protection against viruses and spyware
* Compatible with Windows 7, Windows Vista and Windows XP

AVG Anti-Virus Free Edition is only available for single computer use for home and non commercial use.

Download here

NAMING CONVENTION IN POWERBUILDER

As in many programming languages , naming conventions have emerged.The management of many objects becomes imposible if they are not named according to convetion.Naming convetions are particulariy important when working in a them with other developers.

While your organization very likely will have its own naming conventions, there are several dlfauts that are used in powerbuilder. You are not forced to us these defaults but most developers do.

Naming Convention for Object

These prefixes may appear as defaults when you create an instance of these object
Type Of Object Prefix
Window w_
Menu m_
User Object u_
Datawindow dw_
Function f_
Structure s_
Query q_
Project p_

Naming Convention for Control
When you place one of these controls in a window for the control.

Type Of Control Prefix

Checkbox cbx_
Commandbutton cb_
Editmask em_
Dropdownlistbox ddlb_
Groupbox gp_
Radiobutton rd_
Singleline edit sle_
Statictext st_

Windows

Windows can be built in tw ways. You can either build a new window from scratch, or you can build a windo that inherits some of its characteristics from an existing window. INHERITANCE is described later. Inheritance can be a powerful time saving tool if it used correctly. The following types windows are used in power builder:
• Main
• Respone
• Popup
• Child
• Multiple Document Interface frame (MDI)
• MDI frame with Microhelp

Main Windows are stand alone windows that are independent from all other windows. You can use main window as the anchor for your application.
Respone Windows are used to get repone from the user. A typical respone window is sometimes known as dialog boxes they enter into a dialog with user.
Popup Windows are often to display additional information on a screen inside a window that already open. They are useful from the point of view that they operate under the jurisdiction of parent window which takes care of a lot of the window management problems.
Child Window are similar to popup windows in that they exist only within a parent window. Chiled window have tighter link with the parent window.
MDI or MDI with Microhelp Window is used to open multiple windows, called sheet, within a single parent window. The user is able to move freely from sheet to sheet and take care of a lot of the tricky window management issues for the programmer, such as closing all of the MDI windows when the parent is closed. MDI frame window is a window with several part a menu bar, a frame, a client area etc.

Characteristics of PowerBuilder Objects

There are several character of powerbuilder objects that are under programmer control, they are :

• Attributes
• Events
• Scripts

Attributes are the properties of an object that control how it appears and how it behaves. They are frequently called properties in powerbuilder. Each different class has properties which are peculiar to that class. Properties can be define by he programmer when she is designing the system. They can also be change while the program is running.

Events are thing that can happen to an object. When you write come script to handle an event for an object, it is called trapping the event. Three event that are commonly trapped are the clicked event, the open event and the close event. You might be write some script associated with the clicked event of a command button. Thie code would be called when the button was clicked.

Script are the blocks of code that are stored inside each object. Unlike structure programming environments, there is no concept of a single contigoues program in powerbuilder. Instead the script reside inside an object. The are associates with evens for that object and are what governs the behavior of the application.